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Information that clarifies material properties is important to its potential commercial and industrial applications. A research paper published online in the Journal of Materials Research and Technology aims to provide information on the properties of high-performance flaky carbon materials.

Research: Synthesis, physical and mechanical properties, material processing and mathematical models of new high-quality materials doped carbon flakes and colloidal carbon flakes. Image source: TLaoPhotography/Shutterstock.com

Non-renewable resources can cause many problems. In addition to greenhouse gas emissions, the energy industry also has problems with fuel ash reduction, sustainable coal quality, and resource supply itself. The adhesive manufacturing industry is also facing similar problems, including emissions, resource utilization and increased energy demand.

The needs of the two industries are intertwined: the energy industry needs to generate less waste, and the adhesive manufacturing industry needs more raw materials.

In recent years, due to its characteristics, more and more researches on carbon colloids have been made. Together with other carbon-based materials, colloidal carbon flakes may replace other more environmentally destructive materials.

The properties of these materials make them a target for a range of industries, including construction and manufacturing. Their chemical composition makes them attractive for complementary cementing materials and additives/alternative materials in the adhesive industry. The use of waste fly ash from the energy industry for other applications is eco-friendly.

(a) Carbon flakes; (b) Powdered C-type fuel ash; (c) ASTM I type adhesive; (d) ASTM I type adhesive doped carbon flakes; (e) 65% ASTM I type adhesive Stacking of 35% powdered C-grade fuel ash (eco-friendly adhesive and carbon chips doped with eco-friendly adhesive); (f) standard fine sand for grouting samples; (g) deionization Water; (h) Sodium-based water reducing agent. Image source: Kirgiz, MS, etc., Journal of Materials Research and Technology

Waste ash can be added to materials used for soil stabilization, building renovation and road construction. Many studies have been conducted to use them to make geopolymer concrete, mortar, lightweight materials, and coal-based materials.

The use of waste ash can improve the mechanical, physical and thermal properties of building materials.

Since proper polymer bonding has not been established, previous studies have not explored the use of new binders incorporating ash in the construction industry. Carbon flakes and colloidal carbon flakes have strong covalent CC bonds, which means they can create a powerful, sustainable and environmentally friendly supplementary additive for adhesives and materials in the construction industry.

There are many applications of C-doped carbon and colloidal carbon flakes. It includes adhesive rendering, bricklaying grouting, injection based on hydraulic adhesive, paving slab grouting, cushion grouting based on hydraulic adhesive, and professional concrete. These applications can be used to retrofit existing buildings as well as reinforced concrete and masonry buildings.

The team aims to demonstrate the characteristics of the material and compare it with other traditional environmentally friendly adhesive materials. The paper also fills the gap between the technical requirements and performance required for numerous architectural applications of adhesives.

In the research, several physical and mechanical properties of the ash content of different fuels have been determined through experiments and analysis methods. These include compressibility, compressive stress, and diffusion and consolidation levels. Different adhesive types were used in the research to make green grouts and adhesives.

The study compared different fuel ash types, as well as standard fine sand, deionized water, and sodium-based superplasticizers. The ASTM I type adhesive is doped with carbon flakes and colloidal carbon flakes and a mixture of the two. Spectroscopy is used to provide adsorption spectra to characterize materials.

(a) Graphite in architectural metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks; (b) Graphite flakes; (c) Amorphous graphite; (d) Graphite produced in hydrothermal processes; (e) Graphite in lava and meteoroids; (f) ) Artificial graphite. Image source: Kirgiz, MS, etc., Journal of Materials Research and Technology

One of the conclusions of the study is that fuel ash increases the workability and compactness of the binder material, while reducing water demand and permeability. In addition, the compressive strength increased after 90 days, and it was proved that adding fuel ash can reduce the adhesive manufacturing cost by $40 per ton. However, the thickening time can be increased. The test mixture is critical to determine the proper proportion of carbon fuel ash additives.

Another conclusion obtained from the experimental data is that the density increases due to the stacking capacity of nanoscale carbon and colloidal carbon flakes. The water absorption rate of the carbon sheet and the colloidal carbon sheet to supplement the adhesive has been reduced by nearly 30%. These additives combine lower levels of mineral binder ingredients and improved compressive strength.

The superior quality of carbon flakes and colloidal carbon flakes make them attractive choices for a variety of industrial and architectural applications. Due to the high particle accumulation capacity, these materials are good thickening accelerators, increasing density and improving compressive strength. With this research in mind, these materials are essential for the development of new eco-friendly grouting and concrete composites.

Applications that require high compressive strength, such as high-rise buildings and infrastructure projects, can use such materials because of their useful properties. This research provides new insights into the physical and mechanical properties that will shape the future use of this sustainable, waste-reducing material and its use in many industries outside of the construction industry.

Kirgiz, MS etc. (2021) Synthesis, physical and mechanical properties, material processing and mathematical models of new high-quality materials doped carbon sheets and colloidal carbon sheets [Online] Journal of Materials Research and Technology | sciencedirect.com. Available at:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421012230

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Reg Davey is a freelance writer and editor based in Nottingham, UK. Writing for news medicine represents a fusion of various interests and fields in which he has been interested and involved for many years, including microbiology, biomedical sciences, and environmental sciences.

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