Washington [USA], December 4 (ANI): According to new research, a new problem complicates the rapid charging of batteries. The research has been published in the "Journal of the Electrochemical Society". As the saying goes, haste is not fast. Thanks to a new study designed to determine the cause of the decline in the performance of fast-charging lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, such maxims may be particularly applicable to batteries. In a new study by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory, scientists discovered the interesting chemical behavior of one of the two terminals of the battery when the battery is charged and discharged. Lithium-ion batteries consist of a positively charged cathode and a negatively charged anode, which are separated by a material called an electrolyte, which moves lithium ions between them. The anode in these batteries is usually made of graphite-the same material as in many pencils. However, in lithium-ion batteries, graphite is assembled from small particles. Inside these particles, lithium ions can intercalate themselves in a process called intercalation. When the intercalation occurs correctly, the battery can be successfully charged and discharged. However, when the battery is charged too fast, embedding becomes a tricky thing. Lithium ions do not enter the graphite smoothly, but tend to accumulate on the top of the anode surface, leading to a "plating" effect, which may cause terminal damage to the battery-no puns.

"Plating is one of the main reasons for battery performance impairment during fast charging," said Daniel Abraham, an Argonne battery scientist, the author of the study. "When we charged the battery quickly, we found that in addition to the coating on the anode surface, reaction products accumulated in the electrode holes," he added. As a result, the anode itself will undergo a certain degree of irreversible expansion, thereby impairing battery performance. Using a technique called scanning electron nanodiffraction, Abraham from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and his colleagues observed another significant change in graphite particles. At the atomic level, the graphite atomic lattice at the edge of the particle is distorted due to repeated rapid charging, which hinders the embedding process. "Basically, what we are seeing is the distortion of the network of atoms in graphite, which prevents lithium ions from finding their'home' inside the particles-instead, they are plated on the particles," he said. “The faster we charge the battery, the more disordered the anode’s atoms, which will eventually prevent lithium ions from moving back and forth,” Abraham said. "The key is to find a way to prevent this loss of tissue or to modify the graphite particles in some way so that lithium ions can be inserted more efficiently," he concluded. (ANI)

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